Knights vs. Commoners: Medieval Helmets Types

In the clang and clash of medieval warfare, a helmet was a warrior's most vital piece of equipment. But not all helmets were created equal. The social hierarchy of the Middle Ages was reflected in the distinct types of medieval helmets worn by knights and common soldiers.

Knights: bastions of armoured defence

A knight, mounted on his warhorse, was a formidable force on the battlefield. Their helmets prioritized maximum protection, reflecting their role as heavily armored shock troops. Some of the most iconic knightly Roman gladiator helmets include:

• Great Helm: This imposing Roman soldier helmet completely enclosed the head, with narrow slits for vision. While offering unmatched protection, the Great Helm's limited visibility made it cumbersome and eventually led to the development of visors.

• Helm with Visor: This variation offered a hinged visor that could be lifted for better sight and breathing during less intense situations. The visor often included breathing holes for added comfort.
• Bascinet: A lighter alternative that emerged later in the Middle Ages, the bascinet covered the head and neck, with a separate visor attached. It provided good protection while offering more mobility for head movement.

Commoners: Medieval Helmets

Foot soldiers and archers, unlike their knightly counterparts, relied on agility and maneuverability on the battlefield. Their historical Viking helmets, therefore, were designed with these priorities in mind. Here are some common helmets worn by the medieval commoners:

• Sallet: Offering a good balance between protection and mobility, the sallet was a popular choice. It featured a rounded bowl and a bevor (detachable piece protecting the neck and throat).

• Spangenhelm: A simpler design, the spangen helm consisted of a metal cap with leather straps or bands reinforcing its construction. It was commonly used by early medieval warriors and Viking raiders.
• Mail Coif: For the most basic head protection, some soldiers wore a mail coif, a hood made of interlocking metal rings. While it offered minimal defense against heavy blows, it provided some protection from shrapnel and arrows.

Medieval Helmets: Material Matters

The material used in medieval helmet construction also played a crucial role. Knights, typically wealthier, could afford helmets made of high-quality steel, offering superior protection against sword strikes and blunt trauma. Commoners, on the other hand, often wore helmets made of iron or even hardened leather, which were cheaper but less effective against heavy weaponry.

Beyond Protection: A Symbol of Status

Roman helmets served not just a practical purpose but also functioned as a symbol of social status. Knights often adorned a Roman gladiator helmet with elaborate crests or heraldic devices, signifying their lineage and achievements. In contrast, the helmets of common soldiers were typically plain and unadorned.

Conclusion

The distinct types of historical Viking helmets worn by knights and commoners in the Middle Ages reflected their differing roles and social standing. Knights, clad in heavy armor and imposing helmets, were symbols of power and resilience. Common soldiers, with their lighter headgear, prioritized agility and maneuverability on the battlefield. By exploring these variations, we gain a deeper understanding of the social hierarchy and warfare tactics of the medieval era. Want to own a piece of history? Explore medieval helmets for sale at swordsswords.com.